Written by: Amy Visser.

While the Vaal River often sparks mixed opinions among anglers, particularly when it comes to fly fishing, there’s no denying the unique experience it offers. Despite the river’s challenges, I’ve found countless moments of joy and excitement on its waters. Below, I’ll share a few of the aspects of fly fishing the Vaal River that I enjoy the most and why it remains one of my favourite fishing destinations.

Why the Vaal?

1. The Vaal River is conveniently close and easily accessible for those living in Gauteng or the Free State, with just a one- to two-hour drive to a variety of venues between Potchefstroom and Parys. Whether you’re after a quick day trip or a weekend getaway, there are plenty of options to suit all budgets, group sizes, and skill levels. You can even bring along family and friends, as some venues offer basic facilities and activities for those not fishing (yet). As a large river, the Vaal provides a uniquely social fishing experience compared to smaller rivers. As always, it’s a good idea to check river flow and conditions before heading out.
2. The Vaal River is an excellent spot for beginners to hone their skills, offering forgiving conditions with its less-than-crystal-clear water, abundant structures, and fish that are often eager to bite. Yellowfish here are tolerant of heavier wading, shorter casts, and less subtle approaches, making it easier for first timers to succeed. With a range of techniques suitable for all skill levels, a day on the Vaal can be rewarding for anglers of any experience.
3. Another great thing about the Vaal is the variety of species you can catch. Depending on what you target, you could land up to 5 or 6 species in a single day. In the rapids and runs, smallmouth yellowfish and mudfish are plentiful, while the slower waters offer the chance to catch common carp, grass carp, and barbel—sometimes as exciting by-catch. With a slightly different setup, you can even target these species more specifically. And don’t forget about the legendary Largies ( a story for another day)!

One of the most popular and arguably successful approaches to targeting Vaal River Yellowfish is Euro Nymphing. This technique, also known as tight-line nymphing, involves using a longer rod, a fine-diameter line, and a direct connection to the fly, allowing anglers to maintain precise control over their drifting nymphs and see or feel even the slightest bite. Euro Nymphing is particularly effective on the Vaal due to its ability to pick out rapids and runs, get the nymphs to where the fish are feeding and reach fish in deeper, faster currents where other methods might struggle.

• 10 to 11ft, 3 to 4 weight rod.  When euro nymphing you are looking for a good amount of extension to present your flies precisely, with an action that allows the rod to recover quickly avoiding wraps and tangles. You are looking for sensitivity with enough back bone needed to fight and land these strong fish. I recommend the TFO Elevare Series nymphing rod. • A simple reel that balances your rod weight is a good starting point, however, a smooth drag system is essential on the Vaal, it is important for when you do hook into a larger fish or need some control. Look for a reel with a reliable, adjustable drag that can handle the fight without jerky or sudden resistance. Yellowfish are known to be strong fighters and your reel will need to stand up to the test. • Nymphing line – These lines are usually thinner than standard fly lines, which helps with better sensitivity and control when fishing with tight lines. A thinner line is also less affected by water resistance, making it easier to detect bites. My go to line is the Cortland Euro Nymph Mono Core Fly Line. For beginners, a standard floating line will do the trick. • Leader set up for euro nymphing has a few variations and can be adjusted based on conditions or preference – one simple variation is about a rod and half length of Cortland Tri Colour Indicator Mono, between 4 and 5 X to a Cortland 1mm tippet ring. A second variation would be about a rod length of mono with about 30 to 40 cm of high visibility indicator material attached and then a tippet ring. The thin material allows for minimal drag or resistance from the water or wind, while the tippet ring is convenient for changing tippet section quickly. • Tippet diameter is as thin as possible to keep the drifts as drag free as possible – usually between 4 and 6 X. It is important to think about the pairing of your terminal tackle to the rod and the rest of your set up. • Flies – perhaps not as important as most people think. Get the fly into the zone where these fish eat, slow enough drift and you will get takes. If you are looking for triggers, then orange and green hot spots are popular choices.

When fly fishing the Vaal River, there are several exciting areas I like to target, as the fish tend to seek comfort, an easy food supply, and protection provided by depth and flow. Here are some of my favourite spots:

1. Rapids and Runs: These fast-moving areas offer plenty of oxygen and food, attracting Yellowfish looking for quick meals. Look for seams and bubble lines where the current meets slower water. These spots often result in fast, aggressive takes followed by strong, energetic fights, making them an exhilarating choice for any angler.
2. Structure: Log jams, undercuts, overhanging bushes or trees, and similar features create ideal hiding spots for bigger fish. These areas will test your presentation accuracy and patience, as fish in these spots are often more cautious. Be prepared for a tricky fight, as the fish will try to use the structure to their advantage once hooked.
3. Deeper Water and Depth Changes: Areas with deeper pools or noticeable changes in depth are often prime spots for food to accumulate. Fish are drawn to these regions where they can forage and find shelter, making them perfect places to target when the water levels fluctuate or the current slows.

1. Get your flies down quickly: To do this, use a tuck cast. This technique involves flicking your rod and flies forward, but instead of a traditional forward cast, you stop it high, allowing the flies to enter the water first. This helps them sink quickly into the target zone.
2. Control the sink and drift: Allow the flies to sink to the desired depth while maintaining contact with your leader. The goal is to have just enough control to detect bites without dragging the flies downstream. A good rule of thumb is to keep your indicator line moving at the same speed or slower than the bubbles on the surface of the water.
3. React to any movement: If you notice any movement, such as slowing, stopping, or a jump in the leader, give a small wrist bump or twitch to set the hook. This subtle movement is often enough to trigger a strike when a fish has taken the fly.

Fly fishing the Vaal River offers a dynamic and rewarding experience for anglers of all skill levels. Whether you’re a beginner honing your technique or an experienced angler seeking a challenge, the Vaal provides ample opportunities to target a variety of species in diverse and exciting environments. From the fast-paced rapids and runs to the tricky structure-filled areas, there’s always something new to explore. Euro Nymphing, in particular, proves to be an incredibly effective method for catching Yellowfish and other species, offering precision, control, and exciting action. With the right gear, techniques, and a bit of patience, the Vaal River can become a favourite fishing destination that keeps you coming back for more.